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Kent County Public Works

Septic Tank Failures

Why Did My Septic System Components Fail

Signs of Failure

Effects on the Environment

Remedies for Failures

The US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that from 10 to 30% of all septic tanks failure in any given year.  That represents from 2,000 to 6,000 septic tanks in Kent County.  This page will provide a number of reasons for septic system failures, how do I recognize if it fails,  what it means to the environment if a septic system fails, and what you as the homeowner can do to prevent or recover from a failure.  For information on how your septic tank works click on the Septic Tanks  page.  For information on the proper operations and maintenance of your septic tank, click on the O & M page.

Why Did My Septic System Components Fail?

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Septic system hydraulically overloaded;

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Septic tank full of sludge or scum

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Failed to pump out system at recommended frequency;

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Soil absorption system compacted;

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Improper absorption field vegetative cover;

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Flushed chemicals or material down the drain;

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Pump failed;

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Soil absorption pipes clogged;

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Piping or other system components clogged; and

*

Improper design or installation.

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Signs of Failure

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Sewage surfacing above the absorption field;

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Odors of sewage around yard;

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Pump alarms;

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Sinks and toilets drain slowly;

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Excessively green grass over portions of the absorption field;

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Sewage backing up in house;

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Sewage odors in house;

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Contaminated drinking water in wells near absorption field; and

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Contaminated surface waters downstream of house.

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Effects on the Environment

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Drinking water can contain excess nutrients or pathogens which would pose a serious health problem to humans drinking the water;

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Sewage on the ground would pose a serious public health danger because exposure could cause human disease to those exposed, especially children;

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Nearby lakes, streams, ponds or the ocean would have excess pathogens that could cause human disease to those exposed to the water;

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Fish caught from nearby waters exposed to contamination could carry diseases and create a public health problem if eaten; and

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Nearby surface waters would have excess nutrients that could cause algae, fish kills, and other undesirable aesthetic effects.

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Remedies for Failures

Problem Remedy
Septic system overloaded
* Reduce water use from inside of house
Septic tank full of sludge or scum
* Pump out tank
Pump alarms lit or ringing
* Fix or replace pump
* Check breakers or fuses
* Unplug clogged drain pipes
* Replace drain field
Absorption field clogged
* Replace system
Absorption field compacted
* Replace system
Vegetative Cover
* Remove trees, bushes and ensure only grass is planted above system
Flushed chemicals
* Keep chemicals out of system
Improper design/installation
* Replace system
Sewage backs up in house
* Pump out septic tank
* Replace piping
* Reduce water usage
* Replace absorption field
Sewage surfaces in yard
* Pump out septic tank
* Replace piping
* Replace absorption field
* Fence off area until problem is fixed
Sewage odors in house
* Repair plumbing
* Pump out septic tank
Sewage odor outdoors
* Pump out septic tank
* Replace damaged inspection caps
* Repair or replace drain field
Contaminated drinking water
* Replace system components
* Drill new well at least 100 feet from system
Frozen distribution pipes
* Check for proper construction
* Examine or replace check valve
* Keep people and vehicles off drain field
* Increase water use

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